DRILLING INTRODUCTION:
• Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drilling rig machine to cut a hole of circular
cross-section in solid materials like land or mud. This rig includes the drill bit which is usually
a rotary cutting tool, often multi-pointed. This drilling bit is pressed against the land of mud and
it is rotated at rates from hundreds to thousands of revolutions per minute. This forces the cutting
edge against the land or mud, cutting off the apparatus from the hole as it is drilled. In rock
drilling, the hole is usually not made through a circular cutting motion. Instead, the hole is
usually made by hammering a drill bit into the hole with quickly repeated short movements coming
from the Drilling rig machine. The hammering action can be performed from outside the hole
(top-hammer drill) or within the hole (down-the-hole drill, DTH). Drilling may affect the mechanical
properties of the land by creating low residual stresses around the hole opening and a very thin
layer of highly stressed and disturbed material on the newly formed surface hole. This causes the
land to become more capable of corrosion and crack propagation at the stressed surface. A finish
operation may be done to avoid these detrimental conditions. Drilled holes are characterized by
their sharp edge on the entrance side and the presence of burns on the exit side (unless they have
been removed).
• The deep hole drilling is defined as drilling a hole of depth greater than ten times the diameter
of the hole. These types of holes require special equipment like Hydraulic drilling rig to maintain
the straightness and tolerances from deep down the hole. Other considerations are roundness and
surface finish which also can be tackled with high-end devices. This type of deep hole drilling is
generally achievable with a few tooling methods, usually mud drilling or earth drilling. These are
differentiated due to the internal or external chip removal method. Using methods such as a DTH cum
rotary drilling rig machine and counter-rotating the land are common techniques to achieve the
required straightness and smoothness of the deep holes. Secondary tooling methods include powerful
drilling, deep water well drilling, skiving, and burnishing, pull boring, or bottle boring. Finally,
a new kind of drilling technology is available to face this drilling - vibration drilling, this type
of drilling is achieved through portable drilling rigs such as DTH drilling rig and rotary drilling
rig. Further, this technology breaks up the chips of the hard land by a small controlled axial
vibration of the drill. The small chips are easily removed by the flutes of the drill. A high tech
monitoring system is used to control force, torque, vibrations, and acoustic emission from the
earth's core. Here, Vibration is considered a major defect in deep hole drilling which can often
cause the drill to break. A special coolant is usually used to aid in this type of drilling.
Furthermore, this is usually the most economical method of testing and it provides the physical
sample for the soil classification.
METHODS/TYPES OF DRILLING :
a ) DTH Drilling -
• Down - the - hole drilling, usually called DTH by most professionals, is performed by a mini
jackhammer screwed on the bottom of a DTH drilling rig. The fast hammer action of the DTH drilling
rig machine breaks hard rock into small pieces and dust and is blown clear by the air exhaust from
the DTH hammer. DTH hammer is one of the fastest ways to drill hard rock and land. Now smaller
portable drilling rig with DTH hammers can drill as fast as those much larger truck rigs with this
newer and efficient technology. The system is thought to have been invented independently in Belgium
and Ingersoll Rand in the USA in the mid-1950s. The origin of the name - DTH is short for
“down-the-hole”, Since the DTH method was originally developed to drill large diameter holes
downwards in the surface, another reason is the fact that the percussion mechanism followed the bit
down into the hole. Applications were later found for the DTH method underground, where the
direction of drilling is generally upwards instead of downwards.
b ) Rotary Drilling -
• Rotary drilling is most commonly used to drill big holes in the earth's crust for water well
purposes. In rotary crushing, the most commonly used bits are three-cone drill bits covered by many
teeth or buttons that rotate freely like planetary gear and crushes the rock and land as the drill
bit is rotated. The downward thrust is achieved by the weight of the drill rig itself, and the
rotation is applied at the end of the drill pipe. This rotation is provided by a hydraulic or an
electric motor, and the rotation speeds often vary from 50 to 130 rpm. Further, compressed air is
often used to discharge cuttings from the bottom of the hole. The size of the gap between the drill
pipe and the wall of the hole is related to the flushing of the drill cutting apparatus. In case if
the gap is too narrow or too wide, it will lower the drilling speed. Additionally, rotary drilling
is suitable for borehole sizes from 200 to 450 mm in diameter. So good so far, rotary drilling has
been the dominant method in large water well drilling. One of the disadvantages of rotary drilling
rigs is that they are not suitable for drilling an inclined borehole, which is favorable to the
process of rock blasting.
c ) Hydraulic Drilling -
• The hydraulic drilling method performed on existing wells usually involves deepening,
side-tracks, and replacing segments of existing water well for several reasons. One of these is to
infiltrate and expose a new reservoir for natural water resources. Another is to bypass a damaged
water well section. In addition, another subordinate reason might be to drill around unrecoverable
junk that blocks a portion of the water well or to place a new hole in the reservoir at a different
place. Furthermore, If we shed light on the technical aspects of hydraulic drilling, the drilling
hydraulics is considered as the most important factor in drilling performance. The rate of
penetration can be significantly increased using state of the art techniques for hydraulics
optimization to minimize the company's drilling cost. The goal of this optimization is to make the
maximum utilization of the pump's power to help the bit drill a hole at maximum efficiency. This is
achieved by minimizing the energy loss due to friction in the circulating system and use the saved
energy to improve bit hydraulics.
d ) Truck Mounted Drilling -
• In the Truck-mounted drilling process, the drill bit from the powerful drilling rig is pushed into
the well, and drilling fluid or "mud" is pumped through the drill pipe into the well. The drilling
fluid lubricates the drill bit and brings the apparatus from the bit back to the surface of the
earth. The density and chemical composition of the drilling fluid must be restricted to fit the
water well conditions. Otherwise, the well could collapse or otherwise destroy itself in such a
process. The rig supervisor and the mud engineer work together to make sure the drilling fluid is
properly formulated and the drilling rig machine is put to best use. Moreover, the well's purpose
will usually determine how it is finished. An exploratory well will usually be complete. In most
cases, this means a cementer is brought to the drilling rig to formulate a cement plug to shut it
off. If it is production water well, it will be connected to a pump system to extract the water from
the well into some kind of storage--like a tanker ship for off-shore wells. This type of drilling
method is used in small-sized sites where there is a requirement for a compact portable drilling rig
machine.
e ) DTH/DR Drilling -
• DTH/DR drilling was originally developed to drill out boreholes and water holes and is used
commonly for drilling smaller diameter deep holes. The depth to diameter ratio can be even greater
than 300:1. The key feature of this method of drilling is that the bits of the drilling rig machine
are self-centering; this is what allows for such deep and accurate holes inside the surface of the
earth. The bits utilized in this DTH/DR drilling rig machine use a rotary motion similar to a twist
drill; however, the bits are specifically made with bearing pads that slide along the surface of the
hole keeping the drill bit on center. this type of drilling method is usually done at high speeds
and low feed rates. DTH/DR drilling is based on rotating a cutting tool around its axis
simultaneously, about a center axis that is offset from the axis of the cutting tool. This cutting
tool can then be moved altogether in an axial direction to drill a hole in the land, and/or combined
with an arbitrary sideward motion to machine an opening or cavity. Further, By adjusting the
offset, a cutting tool of a specific diameter can be used to drill holes of different diameters as
per the client's/customers' requirements. This implies that the cutting tool inventory can be
substantially reduced.
f ) Automatic DTH Drilling -
• The Automatic down the hole drilling process is important in all types of industries because it is
used to make holes into or through the land, earth, or other materials like rock. These drilling
machines use a drilling tool that has cutting edges at its endpoint. This cutting tool is held in
the drill machine by a quill taper and is rotated and fed into the land, rock or any surface at
constant speeds. Drilling machines may be used to perform other operations, like they can perform
countersinking, boring, counterboring, spot facing, reaming, and tapping. The automatic drilling
machine is the most common process in drilling industries. Further, control engineering is one of
the aspects, which have proven to have been given a great deal by many researchers and
professionals. It became a great concern in many drilling areas such as industry, agriculture,
medicine, education, and infrastructure. This Automatic control system has emerged as an integrated
part in water well drilling, mud drilling, and other rock drilling applications. This project is
devoted to the use of an automatic control system in the drilling industry.
ADVANTAGES OF WELL DRILLING :
0 1 ) Well Water Is Free -
• After the primary installation of your water well, the water you pump from the ground and into
your home is free. No monthly bill, no municipal fees, no hidden charges, and no rising costs. In
some places, you can even get a state or federal tax credit for having a well installed on your
property for ongoing savings. While free water is a huge benefit, there are a few costs associated
with a water well. For example, you’ll have to pay periodic maintenance from a reputable
environmental company, such as Applied Resource Management. Depending on the quality of your water,
you might also have to invest in a water softening or filtration system. Overall, however, the well
water a cost-effective choice.
0 2 ) Well Water Is Reliable -
• A well can be drilled into your land anywhere the drilling rig equipment can fit. This means that
your well can be close to your home, site, or office as opposed to city water, which has to travel
miles just to get to your faucet. Not only does traveling that far cost money, but it also relies on
the city’s infrastructure. With well water, you won’t have to worry about interruptions in service
that are outside of your control, such burst water main across town. Your water, and access to it,
belongs entirely and absolutely to you.
0 3 ) Well Water Is Good For You -
• Some people assume well water isn’t filtered to the same standards as city water, but in reality,
the opposite is true. Well water is filtered naturally, providing the health benefits of water
without the chlorine, fluoride and other chemicals that are commonly found in city water. And, while
this may be an issue of personal preference, most people will agree that well water tastes better
and is more refreshing, thanks to the fact that it’s truly all naturally filtered. Additionally,
with a little planning and regular maintenance from a team of professionals, free, reliable, healthy
water can be yours for n number of years.
USES OF DRILLING:
• The drilling process is a very wide and dynamic industrial process. Apart from extracting natural
resources like water, there are other resources too which are obtained and preserved through the
drilling process. This various resource includes :
0 1 ) Rock
0 2 ) Oil
0 3 ) Stones
0 4 ) Coal
0 5 ) Gas
0 6 ) Construction footings
0 7 ) Diamond
0 8 ) Fossils
0 9 ) Restoration related materials
LIMITS OF DRILLING TECHNOLOGY :
• Drilling technology has attained a steady growth since the 19th century. However, several basic
limiting factors will determine the depth to which a borehole or water wells can be sunk. Moving
further, all holes must maintain its outer diameter; the diameter of the hole must remain wider than
the diameter of the drilling rods or the drilling rods cannot turn in the hole and the drilling
process cannot continue. The friction caused by the drilling operation will tend to reduce the
outside diameter of the drilling bit. This applies to all sorts of drilling methods, except that in
diamond core drilling; the use of thinner rods and casing may permit the hole to continue. The
casing is simply a hollow sheath that protects the hole against collapse during drilling procedure
and is made of metal or PVC. Often diamond holes will start at a large diameter and when the outside
diameter is lost, thinner rods put down inside casing to continue, until finally, the hole becomes
too narrow. Alternatively, the hole can be reamed; this is the usual practice in oil well drilling
where the hole size is maintained down to the next casing point.
• For percussion techniques, the main limitation tends to be air pressure. Air must be delivered to
the piston at sufficient pressure to activate the desired action, and in turn, drive the head into
the rock with enough strength to fracture the hole. With depth, the volume is added to the in-rod
string, requiring larger compressors to achieve operational drilling pressures. Secondly,
groundwater is ever-present and increases in pressure with depth in the ground. The air inside the
rod string must be pressurized enough to overcome this water pressure at the bit face. Then, the air
must be able to carry the rock fragments to the surface. This is why depths over 500 m for reverse
circulation drilling are rarely achieved because the cost is prohibitive and approaches the
threshold at which diamond core drilling is more economic.
• Moving forward, Diamond drilling can routinely achieve depths over 1200 m. In cases where the
money is no issue, extreme depths have been achieved, because there is no requirement to overcome
water pressure. However, water circulation must be maintained to return the drill cuttings to
surface, and more importantly to maintain cooling and lubrication of the cutting surface of the bit;
while at the same time reduce friction on the steel walls of the rods turning against the rock walls
of the drilled hole. When water return is lost the rods will vibrate, this is called "rod chatter",
and that will damage the drill rods, and crack the joints.
VISION :
" To Partner in addressing the Shortage of Water through Drilling of Wells"
• The fortune of any corporate entity depends entirely on its Vision and Ethics. ASQUARE EXPORT AND TOURISM believes in superior quality, customer satisfaction, and progressive yet constant improvement through innovation. Some of the visionary goals set by the management are :
a ) We want to be a reputed suppliers and Exporters of a huge assortment of DTH drilling rigs, Borehole
drilling rigs, well-drilling rigs, combination drilling rigs, portable drilling rigs, land drilling
rigs, DTH cum rotary drilling rigs, hydraulic water drilling rigs, drilling rig machine, mud
drilling rigs, earth drilling rigs, and powerful drilling rigs from India.
b ) We want to achieve the tag of one of the best name in this industry as the supplier and Exporter of Drilling Rigs and Drilling Tools from India.
MISSION:
• To tailor a Drilling Equipment as per Terrain, weather and all other affecting factors. It is the mission ASQUARE to be the finest commercial quality water well drilling rig supplier and Exporter in India. We are committed to enhancing our customer’s satisfaction with responsiveness, and quality service that sets the topmost industry standards. ASQUARE understands the value of continuous improvement and commitment to our most valuable asset, "our clientele". We will undertake our best performance in every aspect of our business by utilizing our core competencies, fostering a culture of trust, teamwork, and responsibility.
PRODUCTS:
DRILLING RIG MACHINES -
0 1 - DTH Drilling Rig
0 2 - Rotary Drilling Rig
0 3 - Tractor Mounted Drilling Rig
0 4 - Skid Mounted Drilling Rig
ACCESSORIES -
0 1 - Hammer Bits
0 2 - Drill Rods ( Drill pipe)
0 3 - uPVC Casing Pipe-PVC pipe
0 4 - Mud pump
0 5 - Trolley Mounted Mud pump with Engine
0 6 - Hand-pump for water drilling
0 7 - DTH Drilling Bit
